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Katsu (Zen)
''Katsu'' (Japanese: 喝; Cantonese: ', Pinyin: ''hè'', Wade-Giles: ''ho'') is a shout that is described in Chán and Zen Buddhism encounter-stories, to expose the enlightened state (Japanese: ''satori'') of the Zen-master, and/or to induce initial enlightenment experience in a student. The shout is also sometimes used in the East Asian martial arts for a variety of purposes; in this context, ''katsu'' is very similar to the shout ''kiai''.〔(Dublin University Shotokan Karate Club )〕
==Etymology==
The word in Chinese means literally "to yell"〔''Ibid.''〕 or "to shout".〔(Character Search Results )〕 In Japanese it has also developed the meaning of "to browbeat",〔(Japanese Kanji Dictionary )〕 "to scold", and "hoarse".〔(Kanji Search - Search %E5%96%9D results )〕
In the context of Chan and Zen practice, the word is not generally used in its literal meaning(s), but rather — much as with the martial arts shout of ''kiai'' — as fundamentally a means of focusing energy. When the Chan and Zen practice of the ''katsu'' first emerged in Jiangxi province in the south of Tang dynasty China in the 8th century CE, the word was pronounced roughly as /xat/,〔http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/pdf/d041-060.pdf〕 a pronunciation that is largely preserved〔Watson xiv〕 in the Japanese ''on'yomi'' ("Sino-Japanese") reading of the character as (:katsɯ̥), as well as in Cantonese and Minnan Chinese.〔(台文/華文線頂辭典 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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